See -sun on Wiktionary
{
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{
"english": "You are happy.",
"text": "Mutlusun.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix of verb \"to be\" for subject \"you\" (informal)."
],
"id": "en--sun-tr-suffix-l6yDnndD",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sun"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkt",
"2": "烏",
"t": "water",
"tr": "u"
},
"expansion": "Khitan 烏 (u, “water”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mis-tuo",
"2": "tʰaʁ",
"t": "dirt, soil, earth"
},
"expansion": "Tuoba tʰaʁ (“dirt, soil, earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "俟汾",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "ɨbun"
},
"expansion": "Xianbei 俟汾 (ɨbun, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"t": "city, fortress"
},
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"name": "cog"
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{
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"name": "cog"
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"t": "plough"
},
"expansion": "Manchu ᠠᠨᠵᠠ (anja, “plough”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear meaning. Doerfer and Poppe suggests it was a singularity marker for countable concepts in Pre-Proto-Mongolian since it was dropped when the plural affix *-d was added in words such as *nugasun (“duck”).\n\nHowever, it is also present in many uncountable words, especially after a monosyllabic root such as *čïsun (“blood”), *časun (“snow”), and *hüsün (“hair”),\nleading to its interpretation as a collective suffix by Han Nugteren or a class suffix for uncountable homogeneous substances by Juha Janhunen.\nMost likely a Mongolic morphological innovation since it is only present in Mongolic languages and absent in Para-Mongolic languages, compare Khitan 烏 (u, “water”) vs. *usun (“water”), Tuoba tʰaʁ (“dirt, soil, earth”) vs. *toxusun (“dust”), and Xianbei 俟汾 (ɨbun, “grass”) vs. *ebesün (“grass”).\nLexical correspondences in neighboring languages also suggest Mongolic innovation such as in Proto-Turkic *bialïk (“city, fortress”) vs. *balgasun (“city”), Manchu ᡶ᠋ᡠᡨ᠋ᠠ (futa, “rope; string”) vs. *hutasun (“string”), and Manchu ᠠᠨᠵᠠ (anja, “plough”) vs. *anǰasun (“plough”).",
"head_templates": [
{
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"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
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],
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"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-sun",
"pos": "suffix",
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],
"glosses": [
"Noun-forming suffix."
],
"id": "en--sun-xgn-pro-suffix-Ux1kDb8P",
"related": [
{
"english": "plough",
"word": "anǰa-sun"
},
{
"english": "skin",
"word": "ara-sun"
},
{
"english": "elm",
"word": "burga-sun"
},
{
"english": "snow",
"word": "ča-sun"
},
{
"english": "blood",
"word": "čï-sun"
},
{
"english": "salt",
"word": "dabu-sun"
},
{
"topics": [
"wine",
"oenology",
"beverages",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "dara-sun"
},
{
"english": "grass",
"word": "ebe-sün"
},
{
"english": "stake",
"word": "gada-sun"
},
{
"english": "nail",
"word": "kadaa-sun"
},
{
"english": "string",
"word": "huta-sün"
},
{
"english": "ash",
"word": "hüne-sün"
},
{
"english": "hair",
"word": "hü-sün"
},
{
"english": "ice",
"word": "möl-sün"
},
{
"english": "snot",
"word": "nï-sun"
},
{
"english": "coal",
"word": "neüre-sün"
},
{
"english": "wool",
"word": "noxa-sun"
},
{
"english": "duck",
"word": "nuga-sun"
},
{
"english": "oil",
"word": "to-sun"
},
{
"english": "water",
"word": "u-sun"
},
{
"english": "milk",
"word": "ü-sün"
},
{
"english": "blood",
"word": "ya-sun"
},
{
"english": "nine",
"word": "ye-sün"
},
{
"english": "custom, habit",
"word": "yo-sun"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-sün"
}
],
"tags": [
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"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-sun"
}
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{
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"t": "dirt, soil, earth"
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"expansion": "Tuoba tʰaʁ (“dirt, soil, earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "俟汾",
"t": "grass",
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"expansion": "Xianbei 俟汾 (ɨbun, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
},
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"name": "cog"
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{
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"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᡶ᠋ᡠᡨ᠋ᠠ",
"t": "rope; string"
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"expansion": "Manchu ᡶ᠋ᡠᡨ᠋ᠠ (futa, “rope; string”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᠠᠨᠵᠠ",
"t": "plough"
},
"expansion": "Manchu ᠠᠨᠵᠠ (anja, “plough”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear meaning. Doerfer and Poppe suggests it was a singularity marker for countable concepts in Pre-Proto-Mongolian since it was dropped when the plural affix *-d was added in words such as *nugasun (“duck”).\n\nHowever, it is also present in many uncountable words, especially after a monosyllabic root such as *čïsun (“blood”), *časun (“snow”), and *hüsün (“hair”),\nleading to its interpretation as a collective suffix by Han Nugteren or a class suffix for uncountable homogeneous substances by Juha Janhunen.\nMost likely a Mongolic morphological innovation since it is only present in Mongolic languages and absent in Para-Mongolic languages, compare Khitan 烏 (u, “water”) vs. *usun (“water”), Tuoba tʰaʁ (“dirt, soil, earth”) vs. *toxusun (“dust”), and Xianbei 俟汾 (ɨbun, “grass”) vs. *ebesün (“grass”).\nLexical correspondences in neighboring languages also suggest Mongolic innovation such as in Proto-Turkic *bialïk (“city, fortress”) vs. *balgasun (“city”), Manchu ᡶ᠋ᡠᡨ᠋ᠠ (futa, “rope; string”) vs. *hutasun (“string”), and Manchu ᠠᠨᠵᠠ (anja, “plough”) vs. *anǰasun (“plough”).",
"head_templates": [
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"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
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],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-sun",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "plough",
"word": "anǰa-sun"
},
{
"english": "skin",
"word": "ara-sun"
},
{
"english": "elm",
"word": "burga-sun"
},
{
"english": "snow",
"word": "ča-sun"
},
{
"english": "blood",
"word": "čï-sun"
},
{
"english": "salt",
"word": "dabu-sun"
},
{
"topics": [
"wine",
"oenology",
"beverages",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "dara-sun"
},
{
"english": "grass",
"word": "ebe-sün"
},
{
"english": "stake",
"word": "gada-sun"
},
{
"english": "nail",
"word": "kadaa-sun"
},
{
"english": "string",
"word": "huta-sün"
},
{
"english": "ash",
"word": "hüne-sün"
},
{
"english": "hair",
"word": "hü-sün"
},
{
"english": "ice",
"word": "möl-sün"
},
{
"english": "snot",
"word": "nï-sun"
},
{
"english": "coal",
"word": "neüre-sün"
},
{
"english": "wool",
"word": "noxa-sun"
},
{
"english": "duck",
"word": "nuga-sun"
},
{
"english": "oil",
"word": "to-sun"
},
{
"english": "water",
"word": "u-sun"
},
{
"english": "milk",
"word": "ü-sün"
},
{
"english": "blood",
"word": "ya-sun"
},
{
"english": "nine",
"word": "ye-sün"
},
{
"english": "custom, habit",
"word": "yo-sun"
}
],
"senses": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Mongolic lemmas",
"Proto-Mongolic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Mongolic suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Noun-forming suffix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-sün"
}
],
"word": "-sun"
}
{
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"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You are happy.",
"text": "Mutlusun.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix of verb \"to be\" for subject \"you\" (informal)."
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"word": "-sun"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -sun meaning in All languages combined (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.